Te Whakatauira i ngā Kōhatu Pneumatic: Ngā Āhua Matua me ngā Whakamahinga
Ngā kōwhiri rīwhi hau ko ngā taputapu here here e whakamahia ana i ngā umanga hanga, kōhanga, me te whakapāngia i ngā taputapu e mōhiotia ana kia pakaru i ngā tāonga pumau pērā i te kōhatu, te konukonu, me te kōhatu whakamātua. Ko te whirinakitanga, te kaha, me te whirinakitanga o ēnei taputapu e nui ake ai te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga kaha. Me te tāpiritanga o ngā tauira rereke, katoa i āwhinahia ai ngā mahi motuhake, te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga matua me ngā whakamahinga o ngā rereke ngā kōwhiri rīwhi hau he mea nui kia tīmata i te taputapu tika mō te mahi. Kei te whakaritea e tēnei aratohu ngā karu whakakaha karu karu kia oti rātou i ā rātou āhuatanga, mahi, me ngā whakamahinga tino pai, e āwhina ana i ngā kaiwhai whai mōhio te whiriwhiri i ngā whakataunga.
He aha ngā Karu Karu Karu?
Ko ngā karu whakapaku hau he taputapu pāmahana e whakamahi ana i te hau pakaru hei whakaputanga i te kaha mekameka mō te karu, te pakaru, te toka rānei. Kāore i ngā karu hiko, he wehe kē te karu hau pakaru i te hau pakaru hei whakarato i te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi. Ko te nuinga o ngā karu whakapaku hau he tino tika mō ngā wāhi tawhiti, mō ngā taiao kaha rānei kei hea kāore he hiko, he raru rānei.
Ko te hoahoa matua o ngā karu whakapaku hau ko te karu, ko te pītini e neke atu ana, me te kōpiko hau e hui ana ki te kōpiko hau. Ina uru mai te hau pakaru ki te taputapu, ka whakarewa i te pītini, ka patapata i te karu i ia wā, ka hāngai ai te mahi patu e pakaru ai te toka, te kōnukutia rānei. Ko tēnei tikanga māmā engari e pai ana i te wā katoa kua tūhono ai ngā karu whakapaku hau hei tāonga tāone mō ngā umanga e hiahiatia ana te kaha o te matū.
Ngā āhuatanga matua hei whai mātāpona i ngā Karu Whakapaku Hau
Ina arotake koe i ngā karu whakapūmau hau, ko ētahi āhuatanga matua e whakatau ana i tōna mahi, te tōwātanga ki ngā mahi motuhake, me te whaihua o te katoa.
1. Kaha me te Mahi
Ko te kaha o ngā karu whakapūmau hau e ine hui ai i tō rātou kaha pā (i ngā tūrama) me te tere pā (ngā patu i ngā meneti). Whakatauia ana ēnei tātai ki te āhua o te pāpaku e taea ai e te karu te wehe i ngā mea whakapīroiroi:
- Wāhi whiu : Ko te kaha pā teitei ake (e ine ana i ngā tūrama) e whakaae ana i te karu kia wehe ai i ngā parakore, i ngā mātāpuna kaha ake. Hei tauira, ko tētahi karu e 50 tūrama te kaha pā he pai ki te parakore waenga-kaha, i te wā e 100+ tūrama te pai ake ki te parakore rino rānei.
- Wāhi whiu : E ine ana i ngā patu i ngā meneti (BPM), e whakaatu ana i te tere i whakapāngia ai e te karu te matāpuna. Ko te teke ake i te BPM (1,500–3,000) e whakapiki i te tere karu engari ka taea te whakaiti i te kaha pā ki ia patu.
He nui te whakapono i ēnei whārite e rua—ētahi taputapu hāpōturi pāpaku e whai ana i te kaha o te whakapā ki ngā tāonga uaua, i te etengi atu ko ētahi e whai ana i te taumaha ake mō te pāpaku tere ake i ngā pāpaku pāpaku.
2. Te rahi me te taumaha
Ko ngā taputapu hāpōturi pāpaku he rerekētia te rahi, mai i ngā taputapu ringaringa māmā ki ngā wae taputapu huihuinga taumaha:
- Ngā taputapu ringa : Nui ake i te 5–15 kg, he tōtika ana mō ngā mahi iti nei pērā i te pāpaku i ngā kōpae mō ngā tāpua, te whakakaha rānei. Ko tātou whakapakokotanga e whai ana i tātou mō te mahi ki ngā wāhi pōpō.
- Ngā taputapu Taumaha : Nui ake i te 15–30 kg, i hangaia ai mō ngā mahi uaua ake pērā i te kohinga rānei i te huarahi hōu. Ko te nuinga o te wā e rua ngā kaimahi e hiahiatia ana, te tūāpapa tautoko rānei.
- Ngā taputapu Taumaha : Nui ake i te 30+ kg, kua tūhono ki ngā waka rānei, ki te tāone nui, ki te tūhono rānei, ki te mahi wharepaku rānei. Ko ēnei taputapu hāpōturi pāpaku umanga e whakarato ana i te kaha mō te whakahaere māmā.
Ko te rahi me te taumaha e pa ana i te wāwāhi me te whakamau a te kaiwhakamahi—ko ngā pūhiko māmā he māmā ake ki te whakahaere engari he iti ake te kaha, i te wā e hiahiatia ai ngā tauira taumaha ake i te tūhononga engari he whai kaha ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakapākehā.
3. Te Whakamahi Hau me ngā Huihuinga Kōpere
Kei te māmātia ngā pūhiko pāpaku hau ki te hau pēhia, nō reira ko te whakamahi hau (e ine ana i te mita kōpita ia miniti, CFM, i te mita tārore ia sekone, L/s) he kaupapa matua nui:
- Ko ngā pūhiko pāpaku hau iti e tangata ana e whakamahi i te 30–60 CFM.
- Ko ngā tauira pēhi pāpaku e hiahiatia ana i te 60–120 CFM.
- Ko ngā tauira pāpaku taumaha e tū ana pea e hiahiatia ana i te 120+ CFM.
Kei te whakauru i te pūhiko ki te kōpere e rite ana te rahi he mea matua mō te mahi pai. Ko te itinga o te hau e whakaiti i te kaha me te taea hoki e whakapoke i te pūhiko me te kōpere. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga e whakaatu ana i te rahi iti rawa o te kōpere e hiahiatia ana mō ā rātou pūhiko pāpaku hau.
4. Te Whakauru Ki te Kaupeka Pūhiko
Kei te mahi ngā pūhiko pāpaku hau ki ngā momo kaupeka pūhiko rerekē, ā, ko te whakauru e pa ana i te whārite o ā rātou whārite:
- Rahi o te Kaupeka Pūhiko : Ko te wāhi hono i waenganui o te karu whirikōtia me te karu e rerekē ana (hei tauira, 7/8", 1", te āhua tapawhā rānei). Ko te whiriwhiri i te rahi tika o te karu ka whakapumau i te tātai me te neke tūturu.
- Ngā Momo Karu : Ngā karu rerekē (karu toki, karu hōwha, karu rānei pōroto) kua whakauruhia ki ngā mahi motuhake—ngā karu toki mō te pakaru, ngā karu hōwha mō te ruapaparua whakauru, me ngā karu pōroto mō ngā kōhatu whakapaku. E whakaaetia ana e te nuinga o ngā karu hōu pāpaku karu maha, engari kei ētahi ka whakamahia i ngā wā kotahi.
5. Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere me ngā Tikanga Haumaru
Ko te noho pārekareka me te haumaru o te kaimahi he mea nui kia pai ai te mahi me te aukati i ngā whara:
- Te Whakaitinga i te Kōhikohiko : Ko ngā karu hōu pāpaku e hāngai ai i te kōhikohiko nui, e āwhina ai i te kaimahi ki te whakamātau, te whara rānei i te wā roa. Ko ngā tauira ki ngā aratā tākaro kōhikohiko, pūnaha rānei whakakaha kōhikohiko e iti ake ai te raru.
- Ngā Reo Kaha : He tino kaha ngā taputapu nei, engari ko te nuinga o ngā karu hōu pāpaku o nāianei he awhina ki te whakaiti i te reo kaha kia tūtohu ki ngā tikanga haumaru (arā, heke iho i te 100 decibels).
- Ngā Pātene Haumaru : Ngā āhua pērā i ngā pātene mate-tangata (ka whakamōhiotia te whakahaerenga ina wāia) me te whakamaru i te tātanga e whakapae ngā hinganga.
- Rautaki Kaha : Ngā ringaringa e āwhina ana me te whakawehe tika i te taumaha e nui ake ai te āwhina i te kōwhiri i te wā e whakamahi ana.
6. Te Ora me te Whakahaere
Kei ngā tikanga kōhukihuki ngā pū kōwhiti hau, nō reira ko te whakapae te mea matua:
- Ngā Taputapu Whare : Ko ngā tauira kounga teke e whakamahi pounamu kaha ana mō ngā wā katoa (piston, cylinder) me ngā kuhu e herea ai te pāpaku kia eke ai i te toka, te wai, me ngā paru.
- Ngā Whakaritenga Whakahaere : Kātahi ka rapua ngā pū kōwhiti hau ki te wāhi e wātea ai ngā wā (pērā i ngā kauta hau me ngā wāhi miramira) kia māmā ai te whakahaere. Ko te miramira tāroa me te whakamātua kauta e roa ai te ora o te taputapu.
- Ko te Taurangi : Ko ngā ture roa atu (1–3 tau) e whakaatu ana i te whakapono a te kaihanga ki te whakapae.
Ngā Momo Pū Kōwhiti Hau me Ā Tātou Whakamahinga
Ko ngā momo rere tāone rere tāone e whanake ana mō ngā mahi motuhake. Ko te mārama ki ā rātou whakamahinga he āwhina i te tīari i te taputapu tika.
1. Rere Tāone Pneumatic Ringa
Ko ēnei ngā rere (5–15 kg) e kaha ana te whakahaere mā te ringa, nō reira he tino pai mō ngā mahi iti e hiahiatia ana te nekeneke:
2. Jackleg Pneumatic Rock Drills
Ko ngā karu whakauru he taputapu waenganui (15–30 kg) e takotoria ana ki runga i tētahi waewae roa e tautoko i te karu, e whakaihii ana i te raru o te kaimahi i te wā e roa ana te whakamahi:
3. Ngā Karu Pneumatic Rock Stoper
Me te rite ki ngā karu whakauru engari he waewae pumau, he karu torehuruhuru hoki mō te whakauru poutū ki ngā kōhanga, ki ngā tūira anō hoki:
4. Ngā Karu Karu Pneumatic Rite
Ngā tauira kaha (30+ kg) e tū ana ki runga i ngā karu, ngā kāri, i te kāri ranei mō ngā whakatinanatanga nui:
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Ngā tono :
- Te kaihoko karu, te karu i ngā kōpae pātai e tae atu ana ki te rahinga o te mita.
- Te kaihoko mō te whanaketanga o te kōhatu nui.
- Te mahi takotoranga mō ngā wharepaku, ngā pāpaku ranei.
- Ngā kaupapa tunu, e hanga ana i ngā kōpae tuatahi, i ngā tunu ranei.
Ngā Ūnga ko ēnei ngā karu karu pneumatic e whakarato ana i te kaha pātai (100+ joules) ā, ka taea e koutou te whakahaere tonu, ka taea ai e ngā kaupapa inihua. Ko ngā tauira ko te Atlas Copco ROC D3, te Sandvik DP1500 rānei.
5. Ngā Karu Pneumatic DTH (Down-the-Hole)
Ko ngā karu DTH ngā taputapu motuhake ko te pūmotu e noho ana ki te raro o te aho karu, tūturu ki muri i te pāpaku:
Ko te kōwhiri i te ruwhi pounamu hau tika e whai ana i ētahi take:
- Te Whakarewa o te Matā : Mō te pounamu māmā (pounamu kōki), he iti noa ngā kaha pānga e hiahiatia ana. Ko te pounamu whakarewa (granite) e hiahiatia ana ngā tauira kaha pānga teitei.
- Te Rawa Mahi : Ko ngā mahi whakatika iti e hiahiatia ana he pūāhua ringa; ko ngā mahi maina nui e hiahiatia ana he waeine e whakairihia ana ki te papa.
- Whai wāhi : Ko ngā wāhi pakaru, he rawa kaha ki te mahi i raro i te whenua ngā tauira mama, pērā i te jacklegs, i ngā karu whakauru kamo.
- Te Wātea a te Kōmpara : Me whakaua koe ka taea e tō kōmpara te whakatāutau i ngā here hāora karu.
- Te Wheako Kaiwhakamahi : Ko ngā karu taumaha ake pea he kaiwhakamahi kua whakapakari kia taea te whakahaere haumaru, kia angitu hoki.
Ngā Tauira Whakatauira I Te Ao Tūmatanui
Te Āhuatanga Tūmatanui Hōpaka
Ko tētahi kapa hanga huarahi e hiahiatia ana kia pakaru i te pōpōtū hiri i runga i te papa, kia whakauru hoki ngā kōpae. Ko tētahi karu pāpaku pāpaku (hei tauira, Ingersoll Rand 114G) e 40 joules te kaha pāpaku, e 2,500 BPM hoki te mahi pai mō tēnei. He pēra tonu tana mama kia taea ai te neke, ka whakamahia te kōmpara 50 CFM tūmatanui, ka taea hoki e ia whakauru, pakaru anō hoki.
Te Āhuatanga Whakangao
Ko te hiahia ki ngā pōro kūpapa ki te whakapae whakapōpō rēwharewha. Ko te pūhiko pāpaku hiko (hei tau, Atlas Copco SBU 160) e 80 joules te kaha pāwhara e whakapumau ai i te pōro tika. Ko ana āhua kaitiaki i te reri e manawa tārore ana e tiaki i ngā kaiwhakamahi i te rā katoa, ā, ka tūhono ki te pūmahara hiko whakanui ake o te whakapōpō.
He āhuatanga kauta
Ko te kauta kōhatu tararu he hiahia ki te pōro hōhonu 10 mita. Ko te pūhiko pāpaku DTH e tū ana ki te takotoranga (hei tau, Sandvik DTH 350) e 200 joules te kaha pāwhara me te rere o te hau (150 CFM) e mahi tūhono ana i ngā pōro hōhonu. Ko tana hanga pakari e taea ai te whakamahia katoa i ngā tikanga pāpaku.
FAQ
Me pēhea e rerekē ai ngā pūhiko pāpaku hau i ngā tauira hiko, i ngā tauira hiko rānei?
Ko ngā karu whakapāwhara hau hōu e whakamahi hau pēihana ana, ka nui ake te whakauru ki ngā wāhi tawhiti kāore he hiko. Ko ngā karu whakapāwhara inu-tāwhai hoki te kaha ake engari me whai pūnaha inu-tāwhai, ko ngā karu whakapāwhara hiko he whakamā ake engari he iti noa te roa o te kaha i te paru hiko, te kaha rānei o te pākahiko. Ko ngā karu hau hōu he pai ake ki ngā taiao kaha, ki te paru kei te kaha ngā karu kē atu.
He aha te tūhono e hiahiatia ana mō ngā karu whakapāwhara hau hōu?
Ko te tūhono tātai ko te whakapai i ngā wāhanga neke ki te hinu mō ngā taputapu hau hōu, te whakamau i ngā kauta hau kia kaua ngā paru ki te pūnaha, me te tirotiro i ngā whatu mō ngā rere. Ko ngā tirotiro i te tau o ngā karu me ngā wāhanga pihure i ia rā kia kaua ai ngā wehenga.
Ka taea e tētahi karu whakapāwhara hau hōu te whakahaere i ngā mahi maha?
Ko te nuinga o ngā karu whakapāwhara hau hōu o te kaha waingohia he whakamahia ki te karuwhanga me te pāwhara māmā ina whakamahia ngā karu rerekē. Heoi anō, ko ngā mahi motuhake (pērā i te karuwhanga rua nui, te toa tūturu rānei) ka hiahiatia pea ngā tauira motuhake i hangaia mō ērā kaupapa.
He aha te nui o te rahi o te kōpiripiri mō ngā kōhao toka hau?
He mea tino nui. Mā te kōpiripiri iti iho te kaha o te kōhao, ā, ka taea te whakawera. Me whakarite tonu te kōhao ki tētahi pūwhiritia e tutuki ana, e nui ake rānei i ngā whakaritenga o te whakapaunga hau (tirohia ngā whakaritenga a te kaiwhakanao).
He haumaru te whakamahi i ngā kōhao toka hau?
Mēnā ka whakamahia tika ki ngā taputapu haumaru (he tiaki taringa, he karaihe, he karapu, he hu, he haumaru). Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā pūwhitinga tangata mate me ngā hapū anti-vibration e whakarei ake ana i te haumaru. Me whakangungu ngā kaiwhakahaere mō te whakahaere tika me te tiaki.
Kia pehea te roa o te roa o ngā kōhao toka ā-hau?
Mā te tiaki tika, ka roa ngā tauira ringa e 35 tau, i te wā e taea ana e ngā pūāhua toka hau-hau-hau-nui te mahi mō te 10+ tau. Ko te roa o te ora e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha o te whakamahinga, te auau o te tiaki, me nga tikanga whakahaere (pōkai, haumākū, etc.).
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