Ngā Take Nui ki te Rino me te Hanganga
Whakapā mai i ngā Pūrua i ngā Mahi Rino
Ko te whakawāhi pūngao he whai take nui i ngā mahi kuhuanga, me whiwhi ai i ngā whenua taonga me ngā rauemi. Nā ngā tāhuhu kō whatu i te ringa ka puta ngā ākonga hiranga ki te mahi nei, nā reira ka tuku i te matatika hiahia hei hanga i ngā ratonga whakawāhi pai me te whakaū. Ki te kawe i ngā whenua kōhatu nui i runga i te mīharo, ka whiwhi ēnei tāhuhu ki te hohourangi o ngā mahi kuhuanga, e hiahiatia ana te kuhu mai i ngā whenua taonga nui. I te tau 2022, ko te 15% i riro i mua i te wā whakawāhi mō ngā mahi kuhuanga e whai ana i ngā momo tāhuhu kō whatu matataki, nā ngā huanga pai hoki i aua momo tāhuhu. Ko tēnei tatau he tohu i te nui o te whiwhi i te hunga whakahaere ki te hanga i ngā momo whakawāhi hou hei whakapai i ngā mahi kuhuanga me te whakapai hoki i te hua whakatoitoi.
Te Whakatakoto me te Whakangungu i ngā Pūtanga i roto i te Hanganga
Kei roto i te wāhanga hanga, e whai ana ngā pū kō whatu ki tētahi mahi matua i te whakatū mai o ngā pūtake me ngā whakauru here, ka noho tino pai mō te whakahaere i te haumaru me te tiaki i ngā wharekura. E āwhina ana enei pū kō i te whakatū mai i ngā pūtake i te mōhio me te nui, he mea nui tēnei hei whakamana i ngā tahitai, hei whakatakoto i ngā pūnenga, me te tiaki i te whakapae tuhituhi o ngā kaupapa hanga. Ki te raraunga i te kōrero mai i Te Kāwanatanga Tautoko Mātauranga Ora me te Hauora (NIOSH), ka taea te whakaheke i ngā hapa ki runga i ngā wāhanga hanga i waenganui i te 20% mā te whakamahi i ngā rāngai pūtake e taea te ukiuki. Ko tenei tauira e whakaatu ana i te nui o te hiahia ki te whakamahi i ngā momo hunga kō whatu matua hei whakangungu i ngā hua painga me te whakatutuki.
Te kaweake i roto i ngā wāhi iti
He tino pai rawa kei runga i te pūtake matua o ngā whakamahi ā-ringa mō ngā pūhura kō whatu, he mea kitea te wawekeanga, e whiwhi ana i ngā kaiwhakatatūa ki te mahi noa i ngā wāhi iti rānei, herehere rānei, kei reira ngā pūnaha nui kaore e taea ana te uku atu. Ko tēnei hoahoa wehi tōnui e waimaria ana i te kawe whenua, engari e whakaiti haere anō hoki i te kaiwhakaaroaro, e whakaae ana ki te whakapae kaiwhakatatūa moe roa ki te whakamahi ki runga i te wā, karekau e painga i te haumanu. Hei tohu, e kitea ana i ngā tuhituhi hanga i ngā marae-ā-tāone, ko te whakamahi o ngā whakarite kōrero weheke e hiahiatia ana i te kohikohinga o ngā kaupapa, ā, e whakapai ana hoki i te matawhaki katoa.
Te Iti Iho i ngā Whakatakoto Nui
Kei te whakamana ngā pūtahi kō whatitiri i te tino mana ki te mahi pūmau, ka noho he mea kore e hiahiatia ana te hiranga mō ngā komipāhau nui. Ko tēnei āhuatanga ka huri ki ngā wāriu ohaoha i ngā utu me te tautoko i te porihanga. Ki te iti i te hiranga ki ngā whakahana, ka whakapai ēnei pūtahi i te whakaititia o te waahi mahi, ka whakawhanake i te pai me te tūponotanga o te taiao mahi. Ko ngā raraunga whakahaere e whakaatu ana ko ngā take haere o ngā pūkenga e whai ana i ngā pūtahi kō whatitiri ka kitea te whakaiti i te 30% i ngā utu haere e pā ana ki ngā rārangi hāpupu hawa.
Ki runga i te whānuitanga, kei te whakarite ngā pūtahi kō whatitiri ki te mea pai tonu i aua whenua mahi, hei whakamahere i ngā whakaaetanga kaore i te taea e ngā pūkaha turetu.
Nga momo Pūtahi Kō Whatitiri
Momo Pneumatic vs. Hydraulic vs. Electric
Ko ngā pūtahi kō whatitiri ka puta mai i ngā momo matua e toru: pneumatic, hydraulic, me electric, ā, kei ia atu he painga tētahi i whakaritea ai ki ngā hiahia mahi. Ngā rei whakamahi pneumatic ka whakanuia he mea nui ake tō rātou mana me te tiaki i te wā, e mahi ana hei tino pai mō ngā tono nui. Ka whakamahia ēnei momo i te hāpai hawahe hei whakahaere i ngā rei whakamahi, kei reira he hunga whakahaere pūngao i roto i ngā whenua pūhanga me ngā mahi kohatu. Ki te tērā taha, ngā rei whakamahi hydraulic ka whakanuia i ngā taiao wai maire, nā te mea he toru pai tuatahi me te rangatiratanga, e mahi nei i runga i ngā tikanga pai ahakoa ngā take whakahē, pērā i te mahi i raro i te whenua. Whakamutunga, ngā momo whakahaere he mīhini tāke whai hua i te kaitiakitanga me te whakapakari ake i te āhuatanga e wehe ana i ngā pūngao herea. Ko tēnei ka whakanuia ki ngā mahi rohe whero me ngā wāhi iti nei, kei reira ngā take o te pai o te hā o ngā hokinga me te wāriu. Ko te whakauru i ēnei momo ki ngā hiahia ā-tauira hei whakamana i te hua matatika me te whanonga pai, whakatika i te nui o ngā herenga ā-pumau.
Ngā Whaihanga Takuwhenua e Pānga Ana ki te Minitanga
Ngā Rākau Whakataunga Paruparu
Nā ngā raraunga matataki kahurangi i whakaaturia ngā pūtahi kō whatu ki te āhuatanga o te hau māwhero i runga i ngā wāhi mahi. Kua hanga aua raraunga hei tiaki i ngā hākone mehana, kia tiakina te hauora o ngā mahi, me te whakarite i ngā ture taiao—hei whiwhi i tētahi atu take nui mo ngā kaupapa kōpukupuku me ngā hanganga o nāianei. Ki te whakaaetanga i tētahi raraunga, kua horoia he 40% i ngā hākone kaiwhakamana i runga i ngā mahi kōwhatu, e whakaatu ana i tana pai me tana nui i roto i te whakapai i ngā wāhi mahi raweke.
Ngā Pānga Whakangungu i te Hanganga
Nō te wā tuatahitia nei, ko ngā whakangungu hou i te hanga whakangungu e whakawhitiwhiti ana puhoro āporo e hāngai ana i te ringa , me te whakamahara i te whakaiti i ngā pūtake whakatōmuri, ā, me te whakapai i ngā tūtohu aheinga i te wā o te whakamahi. Ka hiki i te whanonga o ngā pū toki hei whakarite i te wā e hirahira ana, nā reira ka whakaiti i te uiui i ngā mate kikokiko o ngā whakangungu mō ngā whakangungu. He taunaki ngā taiao e whakaaro noa nei i ngā whakatangata i roto i ngā whakatangata i te whakamahi, he 25% te whakatū tonu i ngā whakaaetanga o ngā whakatangata mō te wāhanga whakamahi. Ko tēnei whaiwhai ka whakautu i te tono nui ki te whakariterite i ngā whare rāputa e pai ana, ā, ka tuhi i te whakapono o te whenua ki te whakapai i te wawe o ngā kaiwhakato i te wā e tiakina ana te hīnengaro, ā, ka mau i te whakawhirinaki.
Ki te whakauru i ēnei hōtaka hou, ka whakapai i te waenga o te tūranga whare rāputa, ā, ka tirohia i ngā paerewa o te whenua me ngā whakamoe whakatangata. Nā tēnei, ka whakarerekē ake ngā pū toki maunga i te ringa, ka tukuna mai he whaihua ake me te whakarite ki ngā hiahia ā-wā i waenganui.
Ngā Ture Whakaaturanga me ngā Tatau Whakahaere
Ngā Tikanga Whakangungu Mō Ngā Kaiwhakato
Te whakatinanatia i ngā ratonga whakaako matua mō ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā pūtēte whakarokiroki kei te tūranga whakamahere tonu hei whakamana i te haumanu me te paihere i te mahi. E hiahiatia ana e ēnei whakaako kia mau ai ngā momo hanga whakahaere, ahakoa ko ngā take whakahaere matua inaianei heoi anō he whakamarama hoki i ngā hauā ki te kite i ngā paheko e noho tonu ana i roto i ngā mahi whakarokiroki. Ki te mohio i ēnei hauā, ka taea te whakangaro i ngā tahae, ka waihanga mai etahi wā kē hei whakamahere haumanu pai ake. Ko te rangahau e pa ana ki te Tari Haumanu me te Hauora (OSHA) e whakaatu ana he iti i te 50% ngā tahae e puritia ana e ngā kāwanatanga e whakahaere ana i ngā whakawhitinga matua. Ko tēnei tauira e whakapakari ana i te nui o te mahi whakaako hei whakapakari i te ahurei haumanu me te paihere i te mahi.
Pukapuka Whakaaetanga Whaimana
Te whakatūpato i ngā raarangi taatai mō te whaiwhai tika he mea nui kē ki te whakamana i te roanga me te tiari o ngā pūtahi whenua e hī iho ana. He mea nui te whakawhitiaro me te tiaki i runga i te whakahēenga i ngā hapa kōmuirite, ā, kia mau tonu te huarahi pai o te pūtahi. Hei tauira, kei ngā kāwanatanga e mahi ana i ngā tikanga tiaki matua, ka kitea te whakapai o ngā ohanga mahi e 20% rā anō. Ko tēnei whakapai ka taea ki te iti i te wā kahore i te mahi ki ahu mai i ngā hapa kōmuirite. Ki te tiakina i tētahi ara whakahaere pūnaha mō ngā whakawhiti me ngā whakatikatika, ka whakapai i te wehi o ngā pūtake mahi, ā, ka whakamana i te wehi whakamua i runga i ngā wāhi mahi.
FAQ
He aha ngā paanga nui o ngā pūtahi whenua i te ringa ki te mining?
Ka tuku ngā pūtahi whenua i te ringa i te tohu pai mo ngā raarangi pūnaha pai, ka whakapai i te wehi ki te iti i te wā pūtahi, ā, ka whakapai i te ākona o ngā rara pai.
Me pēhea te whakapai o ngā pūtahi whenua i te ringa ki te haumanu i te hanga?
Kei aua pūhanga e whakimīhi ana i te whakatū ara paihere me te whakatū tautoko, he mea nui kē ki te whakatinana i ngā whare hangarua ā-rohe me te whakanui i ngā tahae e huringa nei i te 20%.
He aha ngā take i kitea ai ngā pūhanga kō whatitiri hei whakaaweawe i ngā wāhi iti?
Ki runga i tō rātou mana wehi kauao me te āhua kaweake, ka whai wāhi ki te mahi i ngā wāhi kore kitea, ka heke i te mate kai mahi me te whakapai i te paihere.
He aha ngā whakawai hōu i whakamahia hei whakapai i ngā pūhanga kō whatitiri?
Ka whakapai ngā rangitaki herehere kiko i te pai o te hāpori hāngai, ā, ka heke i te mōkai whakangungu, ka whakapai i te tari me te noho pai.
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