Ngā Take Nui ki te Rino me te Hanganga
Whakapā mai i ngā Pūrua i ngā Mahi Rino
Te whakamahi i ngā pūtahi ā-pū whenua he mea nui i roto i ngā mahi kaihewa katoa, ka whakamahiia hei hoko i te rauemi e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mahi e heke atu nei. Nā ngā pū kō whatu i te ringa i whakangungu ai i roto i ngā tūranga herekore o te whakaputa pū whenua, ka whai wāhi nui atu ki ngā whakarite ā-iwi, pērā i te hanga whare, te whakatakoto tahuhu i ngā karere, me te whakaputa i ngā momo whenua. Ko ēnei pū kō whatu ka whiwhi mai i te wehewehe i ngā rākau whatu nui, ka whakatinana i te mahi kaihewa, ka puta noa atu ko te rahi ake o te rauemi taonga. Ki te korerotanga, ka tiakina e rātau 15% o ō rātau wā whakaputa. I te tau 2022, ko ngā pū kō whatu i te ringa matua ka uiuitia ai ka tiakina e ngā kaihewa 15% o te wā whakaputa. Ko tēnei tauira e whakaatu ana i te hiahia kia whiwhi i ngā momo whakaputa matatini hei whakapai i te whakahewa me te ahumahi.
Te Whakatakoto me te Whakangungu i ngā Pūtanga i roto i te Hanganga
Kei te nui rawa ngā whakamahi pūkana i te mahi whakatūpūtanga me ngā mahi tauturu hei whai wāhi i te haere tonu me te haumaru o ngā whare. E whakamahi ana i ēnei pūkana kia tūpato ai ngā tahuhu, kia tiakina ngā pūnenga, ā, kia pai rawa te whakapuwhenua o te kaupapa whakatū. Ki te matau, e ai ki ngā matatika mai i Te Pūtahi Haumaru Mahi Ngaio (NIOSH), ka taea te whakaheke i ngā mate i runga i ngā whenua mahi whakatū ki te kotahi rau e toru pānga. Ko tēnei matatika he whakarite i te hiahia mō te hanga i ngā momo hanga pūkana matataki hei whiwhi kua taea ai ngā kaupapa whakatū ki te pai me te kore haerenga.
Te kaweake i roto i ngā wāhi iti
Ngā pūtahi kō whatu haea te whenua hei whakamahere mō te mahi i roto i ngā wāhi iti me ngā wāhi tata, ā, ka taea anō hei whakamahi mō ngā mahi herehere tuarua pērā i te benching me te herehere māwhiti. Ko te manahe iti e whai ake ana ka whakangungu i te matekai a te kaiwhakahaere, nā tēnei ka taea te whakamahi moeātaka, ahakoa ka whakamanawa i te tīmatanga rawa. I ngā wāhi hanga ki te ao-ūkaipō, ko ngā pūrongo hanga e whakaatuhia nei, ko te whakamahi pūtahi haea te whenua i ngā wāhi hanga ao-ūkaipō ka whai hoki i ngā wā rāpopōtaka me te itinga i runga i te kaupapa katoa o te mahi.
Te Iti Iho i ngā Whakatakoto Nui
Hei tāku, he mea tino whaihua ngā taputapu kō whatu haea te whenua i runga i te ringa, ka taea anō mō te whakamahi, kāore i te hiahia ki ngā komipūra nui me ngā komipūra kore whakarite. Ko tēnei paunga nui i ngā whakamana moni, ā, ka whakaeaea i te whakawhitiwhiti. Ki te iti ake ngā whakahaere i ngā mīhini, ki te iti ake ngā raraunga hei whakauru, ka whakapai ēnei kō whatu i te whakangungu o ngā wāhi mahi mā te itinga i ngā raraunga. Ko ngā rangahau e whakaatu ana, ko ngā kāwanatanga e whakamahi ana i ngā kō whatu ringa ka kite i te urutomo 30% iti i ngā utu mahi mō ngā rāngai hāpai hāpori.
Ki runga i te whānuitanga, kei te whakarite ngā pūtahi kō whatitiri ki te mea pai tonu i aua whenua mahi, hei whakamahere i ngā whakaaetanga kaore i te taea e ngā pūkaha turetu.
Nga momo Pūtahi Kō Whatitiri
Momo Pneumatic vs. Hydraulic vs. Electric
Kei te wātea i ngā pūtē ki te whakamahi i ngā tohu tīkanga toru mō ngā pūhiko kō whatumanawa: pneumatic, hydraulic rānui electric, me ēnei katoa e tuku mai ana i ngā huanga pai rawa, nā tōna wāhi mahi. He mea nui ake noa te wehi me te whakatika o ngā puhipu pneumatic, e hāngai ana ki ngā mahi nui rawa. E whakamahi ana ngā momo i te hā o te wāhi hei whakahaere i te mōhiohanga, ka puta he wairua kaiwhakahaere e hoki nei i te take o te wāhi kia pai ai te whakamahi i ngā tūtohetanga mo ngā whenua hanga rānui me ngā mahi kōwhatumanawa. Ko ngā momo hydraulic, kei te whakamahi haere tonu i ngā wāhi wai; ka tuku atu rātau i te pūmanawa tuatahi me te pai rawa, ka whakamahi pai tonu hoki i ngā wāhi kore whakaaro pūmau, pērā i ngā mahi kōwhatumanawa raro whenua. Nō reira, ko ngā momo electric e pai tonu ana ki te kawe i te pai o te potenga me te kitea i te kore kaiwhakahaere, ka noho pai tonu hoki i roto i ngā wāhi iti me / rānei i te kore whakaae ki te hā o te ao rānui rānei. Ka hiki tūtonu tēnei ki te whakamahi i runga i te oneone, me ngā mahi i roto i ngā wāhi iti rānui me / rānei i te kore whakaae ki te hā o te ao rānui rānei. Kei te whakamahi i ēnei momo i runga i ngā tono ā-mahi kāinga, ka tukuna te pai rawa me te pai rawa ki ngā mahi katoa, ka whakauru hoki ki roto i tētahi wāhanga o ngā mahi ā-pakihi.
Ngā Whaihanga Takuwhenua e Pānga Ana ki te Minitanga
Ngā Rākau Whakataunga Paruparu
Te hunga whakamua nekeneke e hāngai ana i te mōhiohio ki ngā pūnaha taurite kē, me te whakanui i te haumaru me te pai o te whakaputa waewae i runga i ngā kaupapa. Kua hangaia ēnei rautaki hei whakaiti i ngā huinga hiko kahore e whakarite ana ki te hauora o ngā mahi, me te whakamana i te whakaaetanga ki ngā ture tirotiro whenua, he mea nui noa iho mo ngā mahi kohatu ranei, whakatū whenua ranei. I kitea i te rangahau he mea nui te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha whakaiti kahore ki te whakawhanake i [...] 40% i ngā huinga hiko i runga i te rangi i roto i ngā mahi whakaputa waewae, e whakaatu ana i te pai me te nui o tana mahi, me tana whakaaweawe ki te wāhi haumaru mahi.
Ngā Pānga Whakangungu i te Hanganga
Kei te whakarerekē ngā hoahoa e āheinga ana i te ao i tenei wā, ka hurihia te whenua o te pūtau oneone matua, me te iti iho i te mōhiohanga mo te kaiwhakamahi, me te noho mahi nui ake i te pai. Ko ēnei whakatangitanga i te hoahoa ka whakamahia ai ngā pūtau i runga i waenganui o nga wa katoa, me te iti rawa atu i te mate tinana. Hei paunga i te whakaaturanga, ko ēnei whakatangitanga i te hoahoa kei te pai, i te mea he hanganga tuatahi i whakaaetia e ngā whakamatautau, ka whai take te whakawhiti i te whakaaetanga o te whakaeke i te wā e 25%. Ko tenei whakamua he whaimana hei tiaki i te tono nui mo ngā putunga e waihangatia ana, ahakoa ko te whakapai i te noho pai mo te kaiwhakamahi ka whai take ki te whakapai i te mahi.
Ki te whakauru i ēnei hōtaka hou, ka whakapai i te waenga o te tūranga whare rāputa, ā, ka tirohia i ngā paerewa o te whenua me ngā whakamoe whakatangata. Nā tēnei, ka whakarerekē ake ngā pū toki maunga i te ringa, ka tukuna mai he whaihua ake me te whakarite ki ngā hiahia ā-wā i waenganui.
Ngā Ture Whakaaturanga me ngā Tatau Whakahaere
Ngā Tikanga Whakangungu Mō Ngā Kaiwhakato
He nui te hēnga ki te whakarite i tētahi rangahau whakawhiti kōwhiringa mo ngā mahi herehere e mahi ana me ngā HHRDs hei whai wāhi i te mahi arotake haumaru me te whakamahi pai o ngā whiu. E mea ana tēnei akoranga kia whakaako he mōhiohio anō ki ngā tikanga mahi, ā, kia whakaako anō he aha ngā mate e pā ana ki ngā mahi herehere. Ko te mōhio ki ēnei mate ka whakamana i te whakatauaki i te whakaiti i ngā tahae. Ki te whakaaro nei, ko tētahi raraunga mai i OSHA, e kite ana i ngā kāwanatanga e whakaae ana ki te whakapakari i te whakangungu mō ngā kaiwhakahaere, ka puta iho 50 paiaka iti i ngā tahae. Ko tēnei tauira e whakamana ana i te hēnga o te mātauranga ki te whakapai i te mōhio mo te haumauru me te paihere mahi.
Pukapuka Whakaaetanga Whaimana
He whakaaetanga nō ngā raarangi whakahaere taumata hei taea te whai i te wā e roa ana, me te oranga ki te kore whanonga mō ngā pūtētē whenua e noho nekehia ana. Whakamana hoki i te kore whawhaitanga i ngā take kua hanga i a koe $ piipī (whakahaere i ngā paera) He whakahaere tika me te tirotiro hei whaihere i te whakapakari o tō take mo te wā e roa. Hei tauira, ngā pakihi e āhei ana ki te whakatū i tētahi rautaki whakahaere taumata katoa ka whiwhi rawa i te uru mai i te 20% i te whakauru hiko. Ka whakaoti tēnei whakaiti i te whakaiti i te 'wā kore' nā te whawhai o ngā wharekura. Ki te kī tonu i te whakaaetanga i tētahi rautaki whakahaere me te tirotiro itiiti, ka āhei ngā pakihi ki te whai i te pai o rātou mahi, me te whakamana hoki i te whakauru i te marae.
FAQ
He aha ngā paanga nui o ngā pūtahi whenua i te ringa ki te mining?
Ka tuku ngā pūtahi whenua i te ringa i te tohu pai mo ngā raarangi pūnaha pai, ka whakapai i te wehi ki te iti i te wā pūtahi, ā, ka whakapai i te ākona o ngā rara pai.
Me pēhea te whakapai o ngā pūtahi whenua i te ringa ki te haumanu i te hanga?
Kei aua pūhanga e whakimīhi ana i te whakatū ara paihere me te whakatū tautoko, he mea nui kē ki te whakatinana i ngā whare hangarua ā-rohe me te whakanui i ngā tahae e huringa nei i te 20%.
He aha ngā take i kitea ai ngā pūhanga kō whatitiri hei whakaaweawe i ngā wāhi iti?
Ki runga i tō rātou mana wehi kauao me te āhua kaweake, ka whai wāhi ki te mahi i ngā wāhi kore kitea, ka heke i te mate kai mahi me te whakapai i te paihere.
He aha ngā whakawai hōu i whakamahia hei whakapai i ngā pūhanga kō whatitiri?
Ka whakapai ngā rangitaki herehere kiko i te pai o te hāpori hāngai, ā, ka heke i te mōkai whakangungu, ka whakapai i te tari me te noho pai.
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